Amakuru - Ingano y'amashanyarazi ya Controller: Urufunguzo rwo guhuza bateri za EV na BMS

Ba nyiri imodoka nyinshi za EV bibaza ikigena ingufu z'imodoka zabo - ni bateri cyangwa moteri? Igitangaje ni uko igisubizo kiri ku cyuma gipima ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Iki gice cy'ingenzi gishyiraho urwego rw'imbaraga z'amashanyarazi rugena uburyo bateri ikora n'imikorere ya sisitemu muri rusange.

Voltage zisanzwe za EV zirimo sisitemu za 48V, 60V, na 72V, buri imwe ifite urwego rw'imikorere rwihariye:

Sisitemu za 48V zisanzwe zikora hagati ya 42V na 60V
Sisitemu za 60V zikora muri 50V-75V
Sisitemu za 72V zikorana n'uruhererekane rwa 60V-89V

Imashini zigenzura amashanyarazi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zishobora no guhangana n'amashanyarazi arenga 110V, bigatuma habaho ubworoherane burushijeho.

Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira amashanyarazi bw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi (controller) kugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buryo butaziguye ku bijyanye na bateri ya lithium binyuze muri Sisitemu yo Gucunga Bateri (BMS). Bateri za Lithium zikora mu buryo bwihariye bw’amashanyarazi buhindagurika mu gihe cyo gushyushya/gusohora umuriro. Iyo amashanyarazi ya bateri arenze urugero rw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi cyangwa akagwa munsi y’urugero rwo hasi, imodoka ntizatangira - uko amashanyarazi nyayo ya bateri yaba ameze kose.

Tekereza kuri izi ngero z'ibintu bifatika:

Bateri ya 72V lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) ifite uturemangingo 21 igera kuri 89.25V iyo yuzuye, ikamanuka ikagera kuri 87V nyuma yo kugabanuka kwa voltage ya circuit. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, bateri ya 72V lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) ifite uturemangingo 24 igera kuri 87.6V iyo yuzuye, ikagabanuka ikagera kuri 82V. Nubwo zombi ziguma mu rugero rusanzwe rw'umugenzuzi, ibibazo bivuka iyo bateri zegereje gusohora.

Ikibazo gikomeye kibaho iyo voltage ya bateri igabanutse munsi y’umubare ntarengwa w’umugenzuzi mbere yuko uburinzi bwa BMS butangira gukora. Muri iki gihe, uburyo bwo kurinda umugenzuzi burabuza ko imodoka isohoka, bigatuma idakora nubwo bateri igifite ingufu zikoreshwa.

Iyi sano igaragaza impamvu imiterere ya bateri igomba guhuzwa n'ibipimo by'umugenzuzi. Umubare w'uturemangingo twa bateri mu buryo bukurikiranye uterwa neza n'urugero rw'amashanyarazi y'umugenzuzi, mu gihe igipimo cy'ubugenzuzi gigena ibipimo by'ubugenzuzi bya BMS bikwiye. Uku gushingirana kw'ubumwe bw'abagenzuzi bigaragaza impamvu gusobanukirwa ibipimo by'umugenzuzi ari ingenzi kugira ngo sisitemu ya EV ikore neza.

Mu gukemura ibibazo, iyo bateri igaragaza ingufu zisohoka ariko ntizishobore gutangiza imodoka, ibipimo by'imikorere by'umugenzuzi bigomba kuba ari byo bya mbere bigomba gukorwaho iperereza. Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri na controller bigomba gukorana neza kugira ngo bigenzure ko imikorere yayo ari myiza. Uko ikoranabuhanga rya EV rigenda ritera imbere, kumenya uyu mubano w'ibanze bifasha ba nyir'imodoka n'abatekinisiye kunoza imikorere no kwirinda ibibazo bisanzwe byo guhuza imodoka.

Igihe cyo kohereza: 30 Nzeri 2025

Ibanga rya Voltage ya EV ryakemutse: Uburyo abagenzuzi bagena imikoranire ya bateri

HABANIRA DALY