Kugira ngo bateri za lithium-ion zikore neza kandi zikore neza, ni ngombwa cyane gukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gushyushya. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa n'inama zitangwa n'inganda zigaragaza ingamba zitandukanye zo gushyushya ubwoko bubiri bwa bateri zikoreshwa cyane: bateri za Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese (NCM cyangwa ternary lithium) na bateri za Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP). Dore icyo abakoresha bakeneye kumenya:
Inama z'ingenzi
- Amabati ya NCM: Kwishyuza kuri90% cyangwa munsi yayoikoreshwa buri munsi. Irinde kwishyuza amafaranga yose (100%) keretse bibaye ngombwa mu ngendo ndende.
- Amabatiri ya LFP: Mu gihe urimo gusharija buri munsi kuri90% cyangwa munsi yayoni byiza cyane,buri cyumweru cyuzuye
- kwishyuza(100%) birakenewe kugira ngo hongerwe ikigereranyo cya Leta y'Ubwishyu (SOC).
Kuki ugomba kwirinda charge zose kuri bateri za NCM?
1. Umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi wihutisha kwangirika
Bateri za NCM zikora ku mupaka uri hejuru w’amashanyarazi ugereranije na bateri za LFP. Gusharija izi bateri neza bituma zigera ku rugero rwo hejuru rw’amashanyarazi, bigatuma ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bikora muri cathode ryihuta. Iyi nzira idasubirwaho ituma ubushobozi bwazo bugabanuka kandi ikagabanya igihe cyo kubaho kwa bateri muri rusange.
2. Ingaruka zo kutagera ku buringanire bw'uturemangingo
Paki za bateri zigizwe n'uturemangingo twinshi dufite ibibazo bihindagurika bitewe n'impinduka mu nganda ndetse n'ubusumbane mu bijyanye n'amashanyarazi. Iyo amashanyarazi agera ku kigero cya 100%, uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe dushobora kongera ingufu, bigatera stress no kwangirika kw'uturemangingo. Nubwo sisitemu zo gucunga bateri (BMS) zitunganya ingufu z'uturemangingo, ndetse na sisitemu zigezweho zo mu bigo bikomeye nka Tesla na BYD ntizishobora gukuraho burundu iki kibazo.
3. Imbogamizi ku igenagaciro rya SOC
Bateri za NCM zigaragaza umuvuduko mwinshi w’amashanyarazi, bigatuma haboneka isuzuma rya SOC rikwiye hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa voltage ifunguye (OCV). Mu buryo bunyuranye, bateri za LFP zigumana umuvuduko uri hagati ya 15% na 95% bya SOC, bigatuma ibipimo bya SOC bishingiye kuri OCV bitaba byiza. Iyo bateri za LFP zitari zifite umuriro wuzuye buri gihe, zigorwa no kongera gukoresha agaciro kazo ka SOC. Ibi bishobora gutuma BMS ikoresha uburyo bwo kwirinda kenshi, bigatuma imikorere yayo igabanuka ndetse n’ubuzima bw’igihe kirekire bwa bateri.
Impamvu bateri za LFP zikenera charge yuzuye buri cyumweru
Ishyuzwa rya buri cyumweru rya bateri za LFP 100% rikoreshwa nk'iry'igenamigambi rya BMS. Ubu buryo buringaniza voltage za selile kandi bugakosora amakosa ya SOC aterwa n'imiterere yazo idahindagurika. Amakuru nyayo ya SOC ni ingenzi kugira ngo BMS ikore ingamba zo kurinda neza, nko gukumira ko umuriro urenga cyangwa kunoza imikorere yo gushyushya. Gusimbuka uku gupima bishobora gutera gusaza imburagihe cyangwa kugabanuka k'imikorere ku buryo butunguranye.
Uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ku bakoresha
- Ba nyiri bateri za NCM: Shyira imbere amafaranga y'igice (≤90%) kandi ushyireho amafaranga yose ku bikenewe rimwe na rimwe.
- Ba nyiri bateri za LFP: Komeza gusharija buri munsi munsi ya 90% ariko urebe ko buri cyumweru uzana shariji yuzuye.
- Abakoresha bose: Irinde kohereza amazi menshi cyane n'ubushyuhe bukabije kugira ngo wongere igihe cyo kumara bateri.
Mu gukoresha izi ngamba, abakoresha bashobora kongera cyane kuramba kwa bateri, kugabanya kwangirika kw'igihe kirekire, no kwemeza ko imikorere myiza ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa uburyo bwo kubika ingufu.
Komeza umenye amakuru mashya ku ikoranabuhanga rya bateri n'uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije wiyandikishe ku nkuru yacu.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-13-2025
