Kugirango wongere igihe cyo gukora no gukora bateri ya lithium-ion, ingeso nziza yo kwishyuza irakomeye. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa hamwe nibyifuzo byinganda byerekana ingamba zitandukanye zo kwishyuza kubwoko bubiri bukoreshwa cyane: Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese (NCM cyangwa ternary lithium) na batiri ya Litiyumu Iron Fosifate (LFP). Dore ibyo abakoresha bakeneye kumenya:
Ibyifuzo byingenzi
- Bateri ya NCM: Kwishyuza90% cyangwa munsiyo gukoresha buri munsi. Irinde amafaranga yuzuye (100%) keretse bibaye ngombwa murugendo rurerure.
- Bateri ya LFP: Mugihe burimunsi90% cyangwa munsini byiza, aicyumweru cyuzuye
- kwishyuza(100%) asabwa gusubiramo ibigereranyo bya Leta ishinzwe (SOC).
Kuki wirinda kwishyurwa byuzuye kuri bateri ya NCM?
1. Umuvuduko mwinshi wa Stress yihutisha gutesha agaciro
Batteri ya NCM ikora kumurongo ntarengwa wo hejuru ugereranije na bateri ya LFP. Kwishyuza byuzuye bateri zibashyira hejuru yumubyigano wa voltage, byihutisha ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bikora muri cathode. Iyi nzira idasubirwaho iganisha ku gutakaza ubushobozi kandi igabanya igihe cya bateri igihe cyose.
2. Ingaruka zo Kuringaniza Akagari
Amapaki ya bateri agizwe na selile nyinshi zifite aho zihurira bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukora no gutandukanya amashanyarazi. Iyo kwishyuza 100%, selile zimwe zishobora kurenza urugero, bigatera guhangayika no kwangirika. Mugihe Sisitemu yo gucunga Bateri (BMS) iringaniza byimazeyo imbaraga za selile, ndetse na sisitemu yateye imbere kuva kumurongo wambere nka Tesla na BYD ntishobora gukuraho burundu ibyago.
3. Ibibazo byo Kugereranya SOC
Batteri ya NCM yerekana umurongo uhanamye wa voltage, ituma igereranya rya SOC rigereranijwe neza binyuze mumashanyarazi afunguye (OCV). Ibinyuranye, bateri za LFP zigumana hafi ya voltage yumurongo uri hagati ya 15% na 95% SOC, bigatuma OCV ishingiye kuri SOC idashobora kwizerwa. Hatariho ibihe byuzuye byuzuye, bateri za LFP zirwana no guhindura indangagaciro za SOC. Ibi birashobora guhatira BMS muburyo bwo kurinda kenshi, kubangamira imikorere nubuzima bwigihe kirekire.
Impamvu Batteri ya LFP ikenera buri cyumweru amafaranga yuzuye
Icyumweru 100% yishyurwa kuri bateri ya LFP ikora nka "reset" kuri BMS. Iyi nzira iringaniza voltage ya selile kandi ikosora SOC idahwitse iterwa numwirondoro wa voltage uhamye. Amakuru yukuri ya SOC ni ngombwa kugirango BMS ikore ingamba zo gukingira neza, nko gukumira ibicuruzwa byinshi cyangwa guhitamo uburyo bwo kwishyuza. Kureka iyi kalibrasi birashobora gutuma usaza imburagihe cyangwa imikorere idateganijwe.
Imyitozo myiza kubakoresha
- Abafite Bateri ya NCM: Shyira imbere igice (≤ 90%) hanyuma ubike amafaranga yuzuye kubikenewe rimwe na rimwe.
- Abafite Bateri ya LFP: Komeza kwishyuza buri munsi munsi ya 90% ariko urebe ko icyumweru cyuzuye cyuzuye.
- Abakoresha bose: Irinde gusohora kenshi nubushyuhe bukabije kugirango wongere igihe cya bateri.
Mugukoresha izi ngamba, abayikoresha barashobora kuzamura cyane igihe kirekire cya bateri, kugabanya kwangirika kwigihe kirekire, no kwemeza imikorere yizewe kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi cyangwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu.
Komeza umenyeshe amakuru agezweho kubijyanye na tekinoroji ya batiri hamwe nuburyo burambye wiyandikisha mu kinyamakuru cyacu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-13-2025
