Mu gihe cy’impinduka mu ikoreshwa ry’ingufu ku isi ndetse n’intego za "karubone ebyiri", ikoranabuhanga rya bateri, nk'ikintu cy’ingenzi gifasha mu kubika ingufu, ryakunzwe cyane. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bateri za sodium-ion (SIBs) zavuye muri laboratwari zijya mu nganda, ziba igisubizo cyitezwe cyane cyo kubika ingufu nyuma ya bateri za lithium-ion.
Amakuru y'ibanze yerekeye bateri za sodium-ion
Bateri za sodium-ion ni ubwoko bwa bateri ya kabiri (ishobora kongera gusharijwa) ikoresha iyoni za sodium (Na⁺) nk'ibikoresho byo gutwara umuriro. Ihame ryazo ry'imikorere risa n'irya bateri za lithium-ion: mu gihe cyo gushyushya no gusohora umuriro, iyoni za sodium zihuza cathode na anode binyuze muri electrolyte, bigatuma ingufu zibikwa kandi zigasohoka.
·Ibikoresho by'ingenzi: Cathode ikoresha okiside zometseho, imvange ya polyanionic, cyangwa Prussian blue analogues; anode igizwe ahanini na karubone ikomeye cyangwa karubone yoroshye; electrolyte ni umuti w'umunyu wa sodiyumu.
·Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga: Ubushakashatsi bwatangiye mu myaka ya 1980, kandi iterambere riherutse mu bikoresho no mu mikorere ryazamuye cyane ubwinshi bw'ingufu n'ubuzima bw'uruziga, bituma ubucuruzi burushaho gushoboka.
Bateri za Sodium-ion ugereranyije na Bateri za Lithium-ion: Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi n'ibyiza
Nubwo bateri za sodium-ion zisangiye imiterere isa na bateri za lithium-ion, zitandukanye cyane mu miterere y'ibikoresho n'uburyo bikoreshwa:
| Igipimo cyo kugereranya | Bateri za sodium-iyoni | Bateri za Lithium-ion |
| Ubwinshi bw'umutungo | Sodiyumu iraboneka cyane (2.75% mu gice cy'isi) kandi ikwirakwira hose | Lithium ni nkeya (0.0065%) kandi irangwa n'imiterere y'ubutaka |
| Ikiguzi | Ibiciro by'ibikoresho fatizo biragabanuka, uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa ruhamye kurushaho | Ihindagurika ry'ibiciro bya lithiyumu, kobalti, n'ibindi bikoresho, bishingiye ku bitumizwa mu mahanga |
| Ubucucike bw'ingufu | Hasi (120-160 Wh/kg) | Hejuru (200-300 Wh/kg) |
| Imikorere y'ubushyuhe buri hasi | Ubushobozi bwo kubika >80% kuri -20℃ | Imikorere mibi mu bushyuhe buri hasi, ubushobozi bworoshye bwo kwangirika |
| Umutekano | Ubushyuhe bwinshi buhamye, burwanya cyane kongera umuriro cyangwa gusohora amazi | Bisaba gucunga neza ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ubushyuhe |
Ibyiza by'ingenzi bya batiri za sodium-ion:
1.Ibiciro Biciriritse n'Ubukungu Burambye: Sodiyumu iboneka cyane mu mazi yo mu nyanja no mu myunyungugu, bigabanya kwishingikiriza ku byuma bike kandi bigabanya ikiguzi cy'igihe kirekire ho 30%-40%.
2. Umutekano mwinshi n'ubuziranenge ku bidukikije: Nta mwanda w’icyuma gihumanya ikirere, ijyanye n’uburyo bwizewe bwa electrolyte, kandi ikwiriye ububiko bw’ingufu nyinshi.
3. Uburyo bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi: Imikorere myiza cyane mu bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe buke, ikaba ari nziza cyane mu turere dukonje cyangwa mu buryo bwo kubika ingufu hanze.
Uburyo Bateri za Sodium-Iyoni Zikoreshwa
Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, bateri za sodium-ion zigaragaza ubushobozi bukomeye muri ibi bikurikira:
1. Sisitemu nini zo kubika ingufu (ESS):
Nk'igisubizo cyuzuzanya ku ngufu z'umuyaga n'izuba, bateri za sodium-ion zihendutse kandi ziramba zishobora kugabanya neza ikiguzi cy'amashanyarazi (LCOE) no gushyigikira grid peak shaving.
2. Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zihuta cyane n'izikoresha amapine abiri:
Mu bihe birimo ingufu nke zikenerwa (urugero, amagare y'amashanyarazi, imodoka zitwara ibikoresho), bateri za sodium-iyoni zishobora gusimbura bateri za aside ya lead, bigatanga inyungu ku bidukikije no ku bukungu.
3. Ububiko bw'ingufu z'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu muri sitasiyo y'ibanze:
Imikorere yazo mu bushyuhe bwinshi ituma zikoreshwa mu gukoresha ingufu zihagije mu buryo butuma zikenera ingufu nke mu buryo bukoresha ubushyuhe nk'ahantu ho gukwirakwiza amakuru n'aho kubika amakuru.
Inzira z'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza
Ibitekerezo by’inganda bigaragaza ko isoko ry’abateri ba sodium-ion ku isi rizarenga miliyari 5 z’amadolari mu 2025 kandi rikagera kuri 10%-15% by’isoko ry’abateri ba lithium-ion mu 2030. Amabwiriza y’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza arimo:
·Udushya mu bikoresho: Guteza imbere cathode zifite ubushobozi bwinshi (urugero, okiside zo mu bwoko bwa O3) n'ibikoresho bya anode biramba kugira ngo byongere ubucucike bw'ingufu buri hejuru ya 200 Wh / kg.
·Gutunganya Imikorere: Gukoresha imiyoboro igezweho yo gukora bateri za lithium-ion kugira ngo byongere ikorwa rya bateri za sodium-ion kandi birusheho kugabanya ikiguzi.
·Kwagura Porogaramu: Kongeraho bateri za lithiamu-iyoni kugira ngo hubakwe uburyo butandukanye bwo kubika ingufu.
Umwanzuro
Izamuka rya bateri za sodium-ion ntirigamije gusimbura bateri za lithium-ion ahubwo rigamije gutanga ubundi buryo buhendutse kandi bwizewe bwo kubika ingufu. Mu rwego rwo kudakoresha karuboni, uburyo bwazo bworoshye kandi bushobora gukoreshwa bizaziha umwanya mu kubika ingufu. Nk'umuntu wa mbere mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ry'ingufu,DALYizakomeza gukurikirana iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya bateri ya sodium-ion, yiyemeje gutanga ibisubizo by’ingufu zinoze kandi zirambye ku bakiriya bacu.
Dukurikire kugira ngo ubone andi makuru agezweho ku ikoranabuhanga!
Igihe cyo kohereza: 25 Gashyantare 2025
