Intangiriro
Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa (MIIT) iherutse gutanga amahame ya GB38031-2025, yiswe "manda ishinzwe umutekano wa batiri," itegeka ko ibinyabiziga byose bishya by’ingufu (NEV) bigomba kugera ku "nta muriro, nta guturika" mu bihe bikabije bitarenze ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2026126. Hano, turasesengura ibyifuzo bya tekinike bigenda bisabwa kuri bateri hamwe niterambere rijyanye na sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) kugirango duhangane nibi bibazo.
1. Kuzamura ibipimo byumutekano kuri Bateri ya NEV
Igipimo cya GB38031-2025 gitangiza ibipimo bikomeye byerekana umutekano wa batiri:
- Kwirinda Ubushyuhe Bwinshi: Batteri igomba kwihanganira ibintu bikabije, harimo kwinjiza imisumari, kwishyuza hejuru, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, nta gufata umuriro cyangwa guturika byibuze iminota 6016. Ibi bivanaho igitekerezo cyambere "guhunga", bisaba umutekano wimbere mubuzima bwa bateri.
- Kuzamura Uburinganire Bwuzuye: Ibizamini bishya, nko kurwanya ingaruka zo hasi (kwigana imyanda yo mumuhanda) hamwe nisuzuma ryumutekano wihuta nyuma yumutekano, byemeza imbaraga mubihe byukuri26.
- Kuzamura ibikoresho n’ingufu: Ibipimo byubaka ingufu zingana na 125 Wh / kg kuri bateri ya lithium fer fosifate (LFP), bigatuma abayikora bakoresha ibikoresho bigezweho nka nano-insulation hamwe na ceramic ceramic16.
Ibi bisabwa bizihutisha kurandura inganda zo mu rwego rwo hasi mu gihe bizashimangira ubwiganze bw’abayobozi b’inganda nka CATL na BYD, ikoranabuhanga ryabo (urugero, CTP 3.0 ya CATL na Bateri ya Blade ya BYD) rimaze guhuza n’amahame mashya26.
2. Ubwihindurize bwa BMS: Kuva Mugukurikirana kugeza Umutekano Ukora
Nka "ubwonko" bwa sisitemu ya bateri, BMS igomba guhinduka kugirango yuzuze manda ya GB38031-2025. Inzira nyamukuru zirimo:
a. Impamyabumenyi Yumutekano Yisumbuyeho
BMS igomba kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’umutekano w’imodoka (ASIL-D munsi ya ISO 26262) kugirango ikore neza. Kurugero, BAIC Nshya ya kane ya BMS ya BMS, yemejwe na ASIL-D mu 2024, igabanya ibipimo byananiranye ibyuma 90% binyuze mugukurikirana igihe no kugena ibintu3. Sisitemu nkiyi ningirakamaro mugutahura hakiri kare no gukumira ubushyuhe bwumuriro.
b. Kwishyira hamwe kwikoranabuhanga rigezweho
Uburyo bwo kuburira hakiri kare ni ngombwa. Ibyuma bya hydrogène, nk'ibyakozwe na Xinmeixin, byerekana imyuka ihumanya ikirere (urugero, H₂) mugihe cyo gutangira ubushyuhe bwa kare, bitanga iminota igera kuri 400 yo kuburira mbere. Izi sensororo zishingiye kuri MEMS, zemejwe munsi ya AEC-Q100, zitanga ibyiyumvo bihanitse kandi biramba, bigafasha uburyo buhendutse, ibisubizo byumutekano murwego rwo hejuru5.
c. Igicu gifasha BMS hamwe na AI-ikoreshwa na Optimisation
Igicu gihuza cyemerera amakuru nyayo-isesengura no kubungabunga. Ibigo nka NXP Semiconductor bifashisha impanga zishingiye ku bicu kugira ngo binonosore algorithm, bitezimbere leta ishinzwe (SOC) hamwe n’ubuzima bwa leta (SOH) kugereranya 12% 7. Ihinduka ryongera imicungire yimodoka kandi igafasha ingamba zo kwishyiriraho imihindagurikire y'ikirere, ikongerera igihe cya bateri.
d. Ibiciro-Bishyashya Udushya Hagati Yuzuza Ibiciro
Kuzuza ibipimo bishya birashobora kongera ibiciro bya sisitemu ya batiri 15-20% bitewe no kuzamura ibikoresho (urugero, electrolytes ya flame-retardant) hamwe nuburyo bushya2. Nyamara, udushya nka tekinoroji ya CATL ya CTP hamwe na sisitemu yoroshye yo gucunga amashyuza bifasha kugabanya amafaranga mugihe byongera ingufu 68.
3. Inganda nini Inganda
Gutanga Urunigi rwo Kuvugurura: Kurenga 30% byibigo bito bito bito n'ibiciriritse bishobora kuva ku isoko kubera inzitizi za tekiniki n’imari, mu gihe ubufatanye hagati y’abakora amamodoka n’abayobozi b’ikoranabuhanga (urugero, CATL na BYD) buzagenda bwiyongera12.
l Ihuriro ry’inganda: Iterambere ry’umutekano muri bateri ya NEV ririmo kwisuka muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu (ESS), aho imiyoboro minini isaba "nta muriro, nta guturika" kwizerwa2.
Ubuyobozi bukuru ku isi: Ibipimo by’Ubushinwa byiteguye kugira ingaruka ku mahame y’isi yose, hamwe n’amasosiyete nka Xinmeixin yohereza mu mahanga ikoranabuhanga rya hydrogen sensor ku masoko mpuzamahanga5.
Umwanzuro
Ihame rya GB38031-2025 ryerekana icyiciro cyo guhindura urwego rwa NEV mu Bushinwa, aho umutekano no guhanga udushya. Kubakora bateri, kurokoka biterwa no kumenya gucunga neza ubushyuhe nubumenyi bwibikoresho. Kubateza imbere BMS, ahazaza haribintu byubwenge, bihujwe nigicu kibanziriza ingaruka aho kubyitwaramo. Mugihe inganda ziva mu "kuzamuka uko byagenda kose" zijya mu "guhanga-umutekano", ibigo byinjiza aya mahame muri ADN bizayobora ibihe bizakurikiraho byimuka birambye.
Komeza ukurikirane amakuru mashya yiterambere ryiterambere hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryerekana ejo hazaza h’imodoka nshya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-22-2025
