Bateri yingufu yitwa umutima wikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi; ikirango, ibikoresho, ubushobozi, imikorere yumutekano, nibindi bya bateri yikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi byahindutse "ibipimo" na "ibipimo" byo gupima ikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi. Kugeza ubu, igiciro cya batiri yimodoka yamashanyarazi muri rusange ni 30% -40% yikinyabiziga cyose, gishobora kuvugwa ko ari ibikoresho byingenzi!
Kugeza ubu, bateri zikoresha ingufu zikoreshwa mumodoka zamashanyarazi kumasoko zigabanijwe mubwoko bubiri: bateri ya lithium ya ternary na batiri ya fosifate ya lithium. Ibikurikira, reka nsesengure muri make itandukaniro ninyungu nibibi bya bateri ebyiri:
1. Ibikoresho bitandukanye:
Impamvu yitwa "ternary lithium" na "lithium fer fosifate" ahanini bivuga ibintu bigize imiti ya "positif electrode nziza" ya batiri y'amashanyarazi;
"Ternary lithium":
Ibikoresho bya cathode bikoresha lithium nikel cobalt manganate (Li (NiCoMn) O2) ternary cathode ibikoresho bya bateri ya lithium. Ibi bikoresho bihuza ibyiza bya lithium cobalt oxyde, lithium nikel oxyde na lithium manganate, ikora sisitemu ya eutectic yibice bitatu yibikoresho bitatu. Bitewe na ternary synergistic effect, imikorere yayo yuzuye iruta iyindi mvange yose.
"Fosifate ya Litiyumu":
bivuga bateri ya lithium-ion ukoresheje lithium fer fosifate nkibikoresho bya cathode. Ibiranga ni uko idafite ibintu by'ibyuma by'agaciro nka cobalt, igiciro fatizo kiri hasi, kandi umutungo wa fosifore na fer ni mwinshi ku isi, bityo ntakibazo kizabaho.
incamake
Ternary lithium ibikoresho ni bike kandi birazamuka hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryimodoka zamashanyarazi. Ibiciro byabo biri hejuru kandi birabujijwe cyane nibikoresho byo hejuru. Ibi biranga lithium ya ternary kuri ubu;
Litiyumu ya fosifate, kubera ko ikoresha igipimo cyo hasi cyibyuma bidasanzwe / byagaciro kandi ahanini bihendutse kandi byuma byinshi, bihendutse kuruta bateri ya lithium ya ternary kandi ntibibasiwe cyane nibikoresho fatizo byo hejuru. Ibi biranga.
2. Ingufu zitandukanye:
"Ternary lithium bateri": Bitewe no gukoresha ibintu byinshi byuma bikora, ubwinshi bwingufu za batteri ya litiro nini ya rusange ni rusange (140wh / kg ~ 160 wh / kg), ikaba iri munsi ya bateri ya ternary ifite nikel nyinshi ( 160 wh / kg～180 wh / kg); uburemere bwingufu zimwe zishobora kugera kuri 180Wh-240Wh / kg.
"Litiyumu fer fosifate": Ubucucike bw'ingufu muri rusange ni 90-110 W / kg; bateri zimwe na zimwe za lithium fer fosifate, nka bateri ya blade, ifite ingufu zingana na 120W / kg-140W / kg.
incamake
Inyungu nini ya "bateri ya lithium bateri" hejuru ya "lithium fer fosifate" nubucucike bwayo bwinshi kandi bwihuta bwo kwishyuza.
3. Guhindura ubushyuhe butandukanye:
Kurwanya ubushyuhe buke:
Bateri ya lithium ya Ternary: Bateri ya lithium ya Ternary ifite imikorere myiza yubushyuhe buke kandi irashobora kugumana hafi 70% ~ 80% yubushobozi busanzwe bwa batiri kuri -20°C.
Fosifate ya Litiyumu: Ntabwo irwanya ubushyuhe buke: Iyo ubushyuhe buri munsi -10°C,
bateri ya lithium fer fosifate yangirika vuba. Batteri ya Litiyumu ya fosifate irashobora kugumana gusa 50% kugeza 60% yubushobozi bwa bateri busanzwe kuri -20°C.
incamake
Hariho itandukaniro rinini muburyo bwo guhangana nubushyuhe hagati ya "ternary lithium bateri" na "fosifate ya lithium"; "lithium fer fosifate" irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi; hamwe n'ubushyuhe buke-bwihanganira "ternary lithium bateri" ifite ubuzima bwiza bwa bateri mumajyaruguru cyangwa imbeho.
4. Ubuzima butandukanye:
Niba ubushobozi busigaye / ubushobozi bwambere = 80% bwakoreshejwe nkibizamini bisoza, ikizamini:
Ibikoresho bya batiri ya Litiyumu ya fosifate ifite ubuzima burebure kuruta bateri ya aside-aside na batiri ya lithium. "Ubuzima burebure" bwa bateri yacu yashizwemo na aside-acide ni inshuro 300 gusa; bateri ya lithium ya ternary irashobora kumara inshuro zigera ku 2000, ariko mugukoresha nyabyo, ubushobozi buzangirika kugera kuri 60% nyuma yinshuro 1.000; nubuzima nyabwo bwa batiri ya lithium fer fosifate ni inshuro 2000, haracyari ubushobozi bwa 95% muriki gihe, kandi ubuzima bwacyo bwibihe bigera ku nshuro zirenga 3000.
incamake
Amashanyarazi ni amashanyarazi ya bateri. Ubwoko bwombi bwa bateri ya lithium iraramba. Mu buryo bw'igitekerezo, igihe cya bateri ya lithium ya ternary ni 2000 yishyurwa no gusohora. Nubwo twishyuza rimwe kumunsi, irashobora kumara imyaka irenga 5.
5. Ibiciro biratandukanye:
Kubera ko bateri ya lithium fer fosifate idafite ibikoresho byibyuma byagaciro, igiciro cyibikoresho fatizo kirashobora kugabanuka cyane. Batteri ya lithium ya Ternary ikoresha lithium nikel cobalt manganate nkibikoresho byiza bya electrode na grafite nkibikoresho bya electrode mbi, bityo igiciro gihenze cyane kuruta bateri ya fosifate ya lithium.
Bateri ya lithium ya ternary ikoresha cyane cyane ibikoresho bya cathode ya "lithium nikel cobalt manganate" cyangwa "lithium nikel cobalt aluminate" nka electrode nziza, cyane cyane ikoresha umunyu wa nikel, umunyu wa cobalt, n'umunyu wa manganese nkibikoresho fatizo. "Ikintu cya cobalt" muribi bikoresho byombi bya cathode nicyuma cyagaciro. Dukurikije imibare yaturutse ku mbuga zibishinzwe, igiciro cy’imbere mu gihugu cy’icyuma cya cobalt ni 413.000 Yuan / toni, kandi hamwe no kugabanya ibikoresho, igiciro gikomeje kuzamuka. Kugeza ubu, igiciro cya bateri ya lithium ya ternary ni 0,85-1 yuan / wh, kandi kuri ubu irazamuka hamwe n’ibisabwa ku isoko; igiciro cya batiri ya lithium fer fosifate idafite ibintu byibyuma byagaciro ni 0.58-0,6 gusa yuan / wh.
incamake
Kubera ko "fosifate ya lithium" idafite ibyuma byagaciro nka cobalt, igiciro cyayo cyikubye inshuro 0.5-0.7 ugereranije na bateri ya lithium ya ternary; igiciro gihenze ninyungu nini ya lithium fer fosifate.
Vuga muri make
Impamvu ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byateye imbere mumyaka yashize kandi byerekana icyerekezo kizaza cyiterambere ryimodoka, biha abakiriya uburambe burushijeho kuba bwiza, ahanini biterwa niterambere rikomeje ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ya batiri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-28-2023
