Bateri y'amashanyarazi yitwa umutima w'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi; ikirango, ibikoresho, ubushobozi, imikorere y'umutekano, n'ibindi bya bateri y'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi byabaye "ibipimo" by'ingenzi na "ibipimo" byo gupima imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi. Muri iki gihe, ikiguzi cya bateri y'imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi muri rusange ni 30%-40% by'imodoka yose, ibyo bikaba ari ikintu cy'ingenzi!
Muri iki gihe, bateri z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku isoko muri rusange zigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: bateri za lithium ternary na bateri za lithium fer phosphate. Hanyuma, reka nsobanure muri make itandukaniro n'ibyiza n'ibibi bya bateri ebyiri:
1. Ibikoresho bitandukanye:
Impamvu yitwa "ternary lithium" na "lithium iron phosphate" ahanini yerekeza ku bintu bya chimique bigize "ibikoresho bya electrode nziza" bya bateri y'amashanyarazi;
"Litiyumu ya Ternari":
Ibikoresho bya cathode bikoresha ibikoresho bya ternary cathode bya lithium nickel cobalt manganate (Li(NiCoMn)O2) kuri bateri za lithium. Ibi bikoresho bihuza ibyiza bya lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide na lithium manganate, bigakora sisitemu ya eutectic y'ibice bitatu by'ibi bikoresho bitatu. Bitewe n'ingaruka za ternary synergistic, imikorere yabyo yose iruta imvange iyo ari yo yose.
"Fosfeti y'icyuma ya Lithium":
yerekeza kuri bateri za lithiamu-iyoni zikoresha fosifate y'icyuma ya lithiamu nk'ibikoresho bya cathode. Ibiranga ni uko idafite ibintu by'icyuma by'agaciro nka kobalti, igiciro cy'ibikoresho fatizo kiri hasi, kandi umutungo wa fosifate n'icyuma ni mwinshi mu butaka, bityo nta kibazo cy'ingufu kizabaho.
incamake
Ibikoresho bya litiyumu ya Ternary birake cyane kandi birimo kuzamuka bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Ibiciro byabyo biri hejuru kandi bigengwa cyane n’ibikoresho fatizo byo hejuru. Iki ni ikimenyetso cya litiyumu ya Ternary muri iki gihe;
Phosphate y'icyuma ya Lithium, kubera ko ikoresha igipimo gito cy'ibyuma bidasanzwe/by'agaciro kandi ahanini ihendutse kandi iboneka cyane mu byuma, ihendutse kurusha batiri za lithium za ternary kandi ntigira ingaruka nyinshi ku bikoresho fatizo byo hejuru. Iyi ni yo miterere yayo.
2. Ubucucike bw'ingufu butandukanye:
"Bateri ya litiyumu ya Ternary": Bitewe no gukoresha ibintu by'icyuma bikora cyane, ubucucike bw'ingufu za bateri za litiyumu zisanzwe muri rusange ni (140wh/kg ~ 160 wh/kg), ari nabwo buri hasi ugereranyije n'ubwa bateri za ternary zifite igipimo cyo hejuru cya nikeli (160 wh/kg).～180 wh/kg); ubucucike bw'ingufu zimwe na zimwe bushobora kugera kuri 180Wh-240Wh/kg.
"Fosfeti y'icyuma ya Lithium": Ubucucike bw'ingufu muri rusange ni 90-110 W/kg; bateri zimwe na zimwe za fosfeti y'icyuma ya lithium, nka bateri z'icyuma, zifite ubucucike bw'ingufu bugera kuri 120W/kg-140W/kg.
incamake
Akamaro gakomeye ka "bateri ya lithium ternary" kuruta "phosphate y'icyuma ya lithium" ni imbaraga nyinshi zayo n'umuvuduko wayo wo gusharija vuba.
3. Uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza ubushyuhe:
Ubudahangarwa ku bushyuhe buri hasi:
Bateri ya litiyumu ya Ternary: Bateri ya litiyumu ya Ternary ifite imikorere myiza cyane mu bushyuhe buri hasi kandi ishobora kugumana hafi 70% ~ 80% by'ubushobozi busanzwe bwa bateri kuri -20°C.
Fosifate y'icyuma ya Lithium: Ntirwanya ubushyuhe buri hasi: Iyo ubushyuhe buri munsi ya -10°C,
Bateri za fosifate y'icyuma ya lithium zibora vuba cyane. Bateri za fosifate y'icyuma ya lithium zishobora kugumana gusa hagati ya 50% na 60% by'ubushobozi busanzwe bwa bateri kuri -20°C.
incamake
Hari itandukaniro rinini mu buryo bushobora guhuza ubushyuhe hagati ya "bateri ya lithium ternary" na "fosfeti ya lithium iron"; "fosfeti ya lithium iron" irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi; kandi "bateri ya lithium ternary" irwanya ubushyuhe buke ifite ubuzima bwiza bwa bateri mu turere two mu majyaruguru cyangwa mu gihe cy'itumba.
4. Iminsi itandukanye yo kubaho:
Niba ubushobozi/ubushobozi bw'ibanze busigaye = 80% bikoreshejwe nk'aho ikizamini kirangira, gerageza:
Bateri za Lithium iron phosphate zimara igihe kirekire kurusha bateri za ternary lithium. Bateri zacu za ternary lithium zimara igihe kirekire cyane zikoresha imodoka ni inshuro 300 gusa; bateri ya ternary lithium ishobora kumara igihe kingana n'inshuro 2.000, ariko mu buryo nyabwo, ubushobozi buzashiraho bugera kuri 60% nyuma y'inshuro zigera ku 1.000; kandi ubuzima nyabwo bwa bateri za Lithium iron phosphate ni inshuro 2000, ubu haracyari ubushobozi bwa 95%, kandi ubuzima bwazo bugera ku nshuro zirenga 3000.
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Bateri zikoresha ingufu ni zo zigezweho mu ikoranabuhanga. Ubwoko bwombi bwa bateri za lithium buraramba. Mu buryo bw'imitekerereze, igihe cyo kumara bateri ya lithium ternary ni inshuro 2.000 zo gushyushya no gusohora umuriro. Nubwo twayishyushya rimwe ku munsi, ishobora kumara imyaka irenga 5.
5. Ibiciro biratandukanye:
Kubera ko bateri za fosfeti ya lithiamu itare zitagira ibikoresho by'agaciro by'icyuma, igiciro cy'ibikoresho fatizo gishobora kugabanuka cyane. Bateri za lithiamu itare zikoresha manganate ya lithiamu nickel cobalt nk'ibikoresho bya electrode nziza na grafiti nk'ibikoresho bya electrode mbi, bityo igiciro kirahenze cyane kurusha bateri za fosfeti ya lithiamu itare.
Bateri ya lithium ya ternary ikoresha cyane cyane ibikoresho bya cathode ya ternary bya "lithium nickel cobalt manganate" cyangwa "lithium nickel cobalt aluminate" nk'amashanyarazi meza, ahanini ikoresha umunyu wa nickel, umunyu wa cobalt, n'umunyu wa manganese nk'ibikoresho fatizo. "Ikintu cya cobalt" muri ibi bikoresho bibiri bya cathode ni icyuma cy'agaciro. Dukurikije amakuru aturuka ku mbuga za interineti zibishinzwe, igiciro cya cobalt metal mu gihugu ni yuan 413.000/toni, kandi hamwe n'igabanuka ry'ibikoresho, igiciro gikomeje kuzamuka. Kuri ubu, ikiguzi cya bateri za lithium ya ternary ni yuan 0.85-1/wh, kandi ubu kirimo kuzamuka bitewe n'ikiguzi cy'isoko; ikiguzi cya bateri za fosfeti ya lithium idafite ibintu by'agaciro by'icyuma ni yuan 0.58-0.6/wh gusa.
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Kubera ko "fosfeti ya lithiamu iron" idafite ibyuma by'agaciro nka cobalt, igiciro cyayo ni inshuro 0.5-0.7 gusa ugereranyije n'icya batiri za lithiamu ternary; igiciro gito ni inyungu ikomeye ya fosfeti ya lithiamu iron.
Shyira mu ncamake
Impamvu imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zateye imbere mu myaka ya vuba aha kandi zikaba ari zo zigaragaza icyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’imodoka mu gihe kizaza, bigatuma abaguzi bagira uburambe bwiza kurushaho, ahanini biterwa n’iterambere rihoraho ry’ikoranabuhanga rikoresha bateri z’amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-28-2023
