Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) igira uruhare runini mu kugenzura imikorere myiza ya bateri za lithium-ion, harimo na bateri za LFP na ternary lithium (NCM/NCA). Intego yayo y'ibanze ni ukugenzura no kugenzura ibipimo bitandukanye bya bateri, nka voltage, ubushyuhe, n'amashanyarazi, kugira ngo bateri ikore neza. BMS kandi irinda bateri gushyuha cyane, gusohora umuriro mwinshi, cyangwa gukora hanze y'urwego rw'ubushyuhe bwiza. Mu mapaki ya bateri afite urukurikirane rw'uturemangingo twinshi (imigozi ya bateri), BMS igenzura uburinganire bw'uturemangingo ku giti cyatwo. Iyo BMS inaniwe, bateri isigara ifite intege nke, kandi ingaruka zishobora kuba zikomeye.
1. Gutanga umuriro urenze urugero cyangwa gusohora umuriro urenze urugero
Imwe mu nshingano z'ingenzi za BMS ni ukurinda bateri ko yakwishyuzwa cyane cyangwa ikayisohora cyane. Gushyushya cyane ni bibi cyane kuri bateri zifite ingufu nyinshi nka ternary lithium (NCM/NCA) kubera ko zishobora kwangirika mu bushyuhe. Ibi bibaho iyo voltage ya bateri irenze imipaka yemewe, bigatera ubushyuhe bwinshi, bishobora gutera guturika cyangwa inkongi y'umuriro. Ku rundi ruhande, gushyushya cyane bishobora kwangiza uturemangingo burundu, cyane cyane muri bateri za LFP, zishobora gutakaza ubushobozi no kugaragaza imikorere mibi nyuma yo gusohora cyane. Muri ubwo bwoko bwombi, kunanirwa kwa BMS kugenzura voltage mu gihe cyo gushyushya no gusohora bishobora kwangiza paki ya bateri bidasubirwaho.
2. Ubushyuhe bukabije n'ubushyuhe bukabije
Bateri za Ternary lithium (NCM/NCA) zikunze kwibasirwa cyane n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, kurusha bateri za LFP, zizwiho kuba zifite ubushyuhe bwiza. Ariko, ubwo bwoko bwombi busaba gucunga neza ubushyuhe. BMS ikora igenzura ubushyuhe bwa bateri, igenzura ko iguma mu rugero rwiza. Iyo BMS inaniwe, ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora kubaho, bigatera ingaruka mbi z'uruhererekane rwitwa thermal runaway. Mu ipaki ya bateri igizwe n'uturemangingo twinshi (imigozi ya bateri), ubushyuhe bushobora gukwirakwira vuba buva mu turemangingo tujya mu tundi, bigatera kwangirika gukomeye. Ku bakoresha ingufu nyinshi nk'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, iyi ngaruka irushaho kwiyongera kuko ubucucike bw'ingufu n'umubare w'uturemangingo ari byinshi cyane, byongera ibyago byo kugira ingaruka zikomeye.
3. Ubusumbane hagati y'uturemangingo twa bateri
Mu mapaki ya bateri nyinshi, cyane cyane izifite imiterere y’amashanyarazi menshi nk’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, kuringaniza ingufu hagati y’uturemangingo ni ingenzi cyane. BMS ifite inshingano zo kugenzura ko uturemangingo twose turi mu ipaki turinganiye. Iyo BMS inaniwe, uturemangingo tumwe na tumwe dushobora kongera ingufu mu gihe utundi dukomeza kongera ingufu. Mu buryo bufite imigozi myinshi ya bateri, ubu busumbane ntibugabanya gusa imikorere rusange ahubwo bunateza akaga mu mutekano. By’umwihariko, uturemangingo dufite ingufu nyinshi tuba dufite ibyago byo gushyuha cyane, bishobora gutuma tunanirwa cyane.
4. Igihombo cyo gukurikirana no kwandika amakuru
Mu buryo bugoye bwa bateri, nk'ubukoreshwa mu kubika ingufu cyangwa mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, BMS ikurikirana imikorere ya bateri buri gihe, ikandika amakuru ku mikorere y'amashanyarazi, voltage, ubushyuhe, n'ubuzima bw'uturemangingo tw'umuntu ku giti cye. Aya makuru ni ingenzi kugira ngo dusobanukirwe ubuzima bwa bateri. Iyo BMS inaniwe, iri genzura rikomeye rirahagarara, bigatuma bidashoboka gukurikirana uburyo uturemangingo turi muri iyo paki dukora. Ku buryo bwa bateri zifite voltage nyinshi zifite uruhererekane rw'uturemangingo, kudashobora gukurikirana ubuzima bw'uturemangingo bishobora gutera ibibazo bitunguranye, nko gutakaza ingufu mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa ingaruka z'ubushyuhe.
5. Ingufu z'amashanyarazi cyangwa kugabanuka k'imikorere yazo
BMS yangiritse ishobora gutuma imikorere yayo igabanuka cyangwa igatuma umuriro ubura burundu.ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe, n'uburinganire bw'uturemangingo, sisitemu ishobora kuzimya kugira ngo hirindwe ko hagira ibindi byangirika. Mu bikorwa ahoimigozi ya bateri ifite voltage nyinshizirimo, nk'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa ububiko bw'ingufu z'inganda, ibi bishobora gutuma umuriro utakaza mu buryo butunguranye, bigatera ibibazo bikomeye by'umutekano. Urugero,lithiyumu ya ternariBateri ishobora kuzimya mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi irimo kugenda, bigatera akaga mu gutwara.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 11 Nzeri 2024
