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Kugabanuka k'uburebure bwa bateri ya Lithium mu gihe cy'itumba? Inama z'ingenzi zo kubungabunga ukoresheje BMS

Uko ubushyuhe bugenda bugabanuka, ba nyir'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) bakunze guhura n'ikibazo gikomeye: kugabanuka k'uburebure bwa bateri ya lithium. Ubukonje bugabanya imikorere ya bateri, bigatuma umuriro ugabanuka mu buryo butunguranye ndetse n'urugendo rugufi—cyane cyane mu turere two mu majyaruguru. Ku bw'amahirwe, iyo habayeho isuku ikwiye no kwitabwaho neza.Sisitemu yo gucunga batiri (BMS), ibi bibazo bishobora kugabanuka neza. Hano hepfo hari inama zagaragaye zo kurinda bateri za lithium no gukomeza gukora neza muri iki gihe cy'itumba.

Ubwa mbere, koresha imbaraga zikoresha umuriro ushyushya buhoro. Ubushyuhe buke bugabanya umuvuduko wa ion muri bateri za lithium. Gukoresha imbaraga zishyushya nyinshi (1C cyangwa zirenga) nk'uko bigenda mu mpeshyi bitera imbaraga zitari mu mwuka guhinduka ubushyuhe, ibyo bikaba byateza ibyago byo kubyimba no kwangirika kwa bateri. Impuguke zitanga inama yo gushyushya kuri 0.3C-0.5C mu gihe cy'itumba—ibi bituma izoni zinjira buhoro buhoro muri electrodes, bigatuma zishyushya neza kandi zikagabanya kwangirika.Sisitemu yo gucunga batiri (BMS)igenzura umuriro ushyushya mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo hirindwe umuvuduko mwinshi.

 
Icya kabiri, menya neza ko ubushyuhe bwo gusharija buri hejuru ya 0°C. Gusharija mu gihe kiri munsi ya zeru bitanga litiyumu dendrite, byangiza uturemangingo twa bateri kandi bigateza akaga mu mutekano. Ibisubizo bibiri by'ingirakamaro: fata urugendo rugufi rw'iminota 5-10 kugira ngo ushyushye bateri mbere yo gusharija, cyangwa shyiramo agakoresho gashyushya gahujwe na BMS.BMS ikora mu buryo bwikoracyangwa igahagarika icyuma gishyushya iyo ubushyuhe bwa batiri bugeze ku rugero rwagenwe, bigakuraho ibikorwa biteje akaga nko gushyushya umuriro ufunguye.
 
Bateri ya EV irafungwa
bms ya buri munsi e2w

Icya gatatu, gabanya ubujyakuzimu bw'amazi (DOD) kugeza kuri 80%. Bateri za lithium zisohora burundu mu gihe cy'itumba (DOD 100%) bitera kwangirika kw'imbere mu buryo budasubirwaho, bigatera ibibazo by' "ingufu za virtual". Guhagarika amazi iyo ingufu za 20% zisigaye bituma bateri ikomeza gukora cyane, bigatuma ikomeza gukora neza. BMS yizewe ifasha kugenzura DOD mu buryo bworoshye binyuze mu kazi kayo ko kurinda amazi.

 
Izindi nama ebyiri zo kubungabunga: irinde kubika mu bushyuhe buke igihe kirekire—shyira amashanyarazi muri gareji kugira ngo wirinde gutakaza burundu ingufu za batiri. Ku bateri zidakora, ni ngombwa cyane gusharija by'inyongera kugeza kuri 50%-60% by'ubushobozi buri cyumweru. BMS ifite uburyo bwo kugenzura kure yemerera abayikoresha gukurikirana voltage n'ubushyuhe igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, bigatuma babungabunga ku gihe.

Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri nziza (BMS) ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo bateri ikomeze gukora neza mu gihe cy'itumba. Imiterere yayo igezweho, harimo kugenzura ibipimo mu gihe nyacyo no kurinda bateri mu buryo bw'ubwenge, irinda bateri gusharija cyangwa gusohora umuriro mu buryo butari bwiza. Bakurikije izi nama kandi bagakoresha BMS yizewe, ba nyiri bateri za EV bashobora gukomeza gukora neza mu gihe cy'itumba.

Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-15-2025

HABANIRA DALY

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